Should Smoking Be Banned Free Essays

Cigarette smoking has been a pattern since the start of the mechanical upset. A few people accept that smoking could assist them with discharging their worry as it causes them to unwind. A few people likewise accept that the cigarettes business is important for a particular nation to build up their country’s economy. We will compose a custom article test on Should Smoking Be Banned or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now As time flew, information creates and innovation rises, and therefore, we came to realize that cigarette smoking brings various potential mischief to our body as well as to the environment.But numerous individuals despite everything work on smoking notwithstanding the way that smoking might demolish their wellbeing as what is composed on the cigarette box itself. Knowing all these, still a few people proceed on smoking, as though they didn't realize that they are hurting their environmental factors as well, consequently cigarette smoking ought to be restricted. I figure just by doing so we can accomplish a progressively positive outcome. A portion of the individuals who bolster smoking case that it’s difficult for smokers to get out from under their propensity. 2 out of 15 smokers neglected to get out from under the propensity, along these lines, on the off chance that it’s prohibited, at that point it could trigger the opening of the illegal businesses of stogies, much the same as medications, and it would be considerably more hard for the legislature to control than when it’s legitimized. Be that as it may, by making them unlawful, we could in any event compel them to stop smoking, and naturally more individuals would stop, 14 out of 15 individuals will attempt to stop knowing it illicit. What's more, above all, by stamping them illicit, it could diminish the majority of the aloof smokers issue as though it’s unlawful, at that point they won't have the option to smoke in open areas.The supporters of cigarette s moking likewise keep up that smoking could discharge them from worry as it causes them to unwind. So they believe that they reserve the option to claim the loosening up air thus. In any case, stogies are addictive, in spite of the fact that it gives unwinding, it contains addictive substance called nicotine, much the same as medications, addictive. Most medications like courageous women additionally gave unwinding and addictive impacts, however they are prohibited, so smoking ought to be restricted too, just to ever be reasonable. Individuals could get unwinding as much as they need by resting, strolling or messing around, that way it would be a lot more advantageous and substantially more earth friendly.The last contention progressed by the cigarette-smoking supporters is that the cigarette business is vital for a particular country’s salary, and are liable for the financial development of the nation. In any case, smokers will in general create smoking-related malady which is almost certain a sort of respiratory infection which could bring about death, in the event that we utilize the quantity of death that is brought about by cigarette smoking, we co uld unquestionably bring the country’s salary up in a manner, for example, work serious and along these lines expanding the development of the economy of the nation strongly, which is a greatly improved way.It should now be evident that cigarettes smoking ought to be checked illicit, as smokers have progressively opportunity to create respiratory sickness, and are addictive, much the same as medications, it could likewise impact the non-smokers by going them to uninvolved smokers. All in all, smoking could give various negative effects, separately and socially, in this way it ought to be prohibited for acceptable, much the same as medications. The most effective method to refer to Should Smoking Be Banned, Papers

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing - Essay Example Expansionary arrangements include the acquisition of momentary financial government securities by the national bank so as to bring down the market loan fee. In any case, when the loan fees are negligible or at zero, conventional money related approaches can't bring down the financing cost any further. In quantitative facilitating, the economy is supported by different techniques. Present moment just as long haul securities are bought and the yield has a high likelihood of expanding. (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2011) Quantitative facilitating should hold the swelling under control. Be that as it may, the products in the market to be sold have a fixed amount and consequently, even a flooding of capital won't prompt an expansion in the measure of merchandise and accordingly, it could really prompt more swelling (Trefgarne, 2009). The loan fee of the economy is focused by open market activities, which are the purchasing and selling of securities (momentary government securities ) from banks and other monetary foundations. The national bank gives out the securities and gathers cash from this procedure, and this thusly additionally influences the cash gracefully and the interbank financing cost (Wieland, 2009). At the point when a national bank can't change the loan cost, they face a liquidity trap, and quantitative facilitating changes the economy’s situation without influencing the financing cost. It is possibly identified with the cash gracefully when the financing cost can't be additionally brought down. Hence, it is additionally an arrangement that is utilized if all else fails measure instead of as a first hotel one (Wieland, 2009). Additionally, despite the fact that national banks can't influence the financing cost further, they are the ones who do quantitative facilitating on the grounds that their cash is the one which is adequate by everybody. Be that as it may, now and again, national banks can't complete their own quantitative facilitatin g and are reliant on other national banks to do it for them (Wieland, 2009). b) UK has a novel strategy for utilizing quantitative facilitating so as to spike development in the economy and change the cash flexibly and hold the swelling rate within proper limits at about 2%. Their first approach was to purchase overlaid edged protections from establishments that are not banks. These likewise incorporate securities that are given by national governments, additionally alluded to as obligation protections. Furthermore, they lead Open Market Operations, which were available to their plated partners also (Congdon, 2009). The least offers began being adequate by banks, the standard of correlation being the market costs. Finally, the HM treasury censured APF (Asset Purchase Facility) which was started in 2009, when the business paper was financed principally by T-bills and gilts. There are momentary gilts that are utilized, yet in addition long haul gilts in this procedure of quantitative facilitating. They likewise acquire cash from insurance agencies and benefits reserves. Individuals can likewise keep more cash in their financial balances than they did previously, as one of the approaches to help cash in the economy. Along these lines banks, aside from the national bank, will have more cash so as to loan more (Congdon, 2009). The two primary results of evaluating the circumstance were surveying the portfolios and the occasions that happened. Portfolio rebalancing may make UK speculator request to go on a climb and gilt’s yield has diminished by a hundred focuses since this approach has been executed. Be that as it may, it is difficult to tell the

Psychoactive Substance use and Mental Health (Hong Kong) Essay

Psychoactive Substance use and Mental Health (Hong Kong) - Essay Example The semisynthetic subsidiaries in this gathering incorporate hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxymorphone, dihydrocodeine, oxycodone, and buprenorphine. The staying two gatherings are manufactured synthetic compounds, for example, the phenylpiperidines which incorporate the meperidineas well as the fentanyl, and the pseudopiperidines which incorporate methadone and propoxyphene (Havens et al 2007, 101). Courageous woman and morphine were utilized first as medication in the nineteenth century and later utilized unlawfully for recreational purposes. Beforehand, the reliance of heroin and other narcotic medications has demonstrated hard to counter effectively whereby the poor outcome has been certify to ecological qualities, persistent attributes just as other incredible fortifying impacts of similar medications. The most widely recognized issues of narcotic maltreatment are known to be sickness and obstruction. These two reactions have been seen as hard to manage particularly for obstruction. The idea of agoinist-replecement treatment was presented around forty years prior speaking to an advancement in opiod drugs the executives particularly heroin. Improvements in preparing have enveloped more up to date pharmacotherapies, Narcotics Anonymous and the psychosocial treatment (Davids and Gastpar 2004, 210). These medications will in general produce absense of pain, mind-set changes, tiredness just as mental obfuscating yet not these lead to loss of awareness. Patients who report of agony guarantee that it is less extraordinary and less discomforting which blurs in the long run subsequent to mending measurement of these medications. Help in torment is accepted to be specific without influencing different modalities of sense. A few patients are accepted to encounter happiness. Spewing, sickness, tiredness, mental troubles, lack of care just as the event of diminished physical exercises when given to torment free individual is normal. The harmful impacts and the abstract pain relieving, which incorporates respiratory melancholy, may turn out to be progressively articulated as the portion is

Some Great Reasons For Finding a Research Paper For Sale

Some Great Reasons For Finding a Research Paper For SaleThere are many people who are constantly in search of a research paper for sale. The unfortunate thing is that most of the businesses that offer these types of products are out to make money by selling these papers for real cheap.Many people think that if they are trying to find a research paper for sale they must be in dire need of a job. The fact is that you do not need a job to sell research papers for your business. In fact, it would be very stupid for you to try and sell this type of product for your business.In order to really make some money, you must first understand the purpose of finding a research paper for sale. There are some reasons why many people are looking for these products and many reasons why they are searching for them for free. So before you get started on your quest to find one, let us go over all the possible reasons why you might need to buy them.Many business owners need these papers to market their pr oducts. This is one of the best ways to get the word out about your products. They will need to take the time to spend hours in the search for a research paper for sale because they need to get it right.When you are doing this for your business, you will need to get someone who is willing to put their time and effort into helping you. It will help if you are selling the research paper for sale because then you can offer it for free or at a very cheap price. Also, having to pay a high price can cause people to ignore you may never get the chance to start getting your work out there.One of the more common reasons that people look for a research paper for sale is because they have an idea of how to market a product. It is so easy to get into the research paper for sale business because it is so easy to start making money online. They need to do the research and have a list of product to sell.When you are trying to find a research paper for sale you will find that most of the sellers wi ll sell it for a very low price. The sad part is that they are doing this to make money in the beginning and as long as you are honest and truthful with them you will be able to sell them for a better price in the future.

Having Intrusive Thoughts That You Just Seem To Not Be

Having intrusive thoughts that you just seem to not be able to get rid of is not as weird, as some people might assume. This is actually quite common and is not abnormal. This does not necessarily mean you have OCD, the disorder OCD is often overused and unnecessary unless diagnosed by a licensed professional. The turning point from normal to abnormal is when these thoughts cause distress and disruptive in that person’s life. There are many different ways OCD can manifest and OCD can be very difficult to deal with, but luckily there are various options for treatment. Clinically, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is when unwanted thoughts, images, or urges persist in a person’s mind and often results in an increase in anxiety. The†¦show more content†¦Forbidden thoughts or actions, many people with OCD have thoughts that are not typical or normal to have in their culture. Cleaning and contamination, this can manifest as the thought that objects or surfaces are dirty and also the thought that it may make the person ill if they came in contact with it. â€Å"Obsessions might be triggered by stimuli in the environment (e.g., a religious icon or driving a car) or occur without an apparent trigger (e.g., the impulse to yell a curse word in a place of worship)† (Abramowitz Jacoby, 2014). Compulsions, on the other hand, are the rituals or actions that are done in response to the obsessions. Often the rituals are trying to give relief to the controlling thoughts. Examples of this include checking, which may be checking if a door is closed or if the stove is on multiple times because they want to be sure. Ordering and arranging, objects need to be in a specific place. Cleaning and contamination, either washing surfaces repetitively or washing one s hands an unnecessary amount of times. To go into a little more detail, there are five main categories that are the most well known for how OCD manifests in people, some have previously been men tioned. In no particular order, the first is washing and cleaning. Those who are a part of this category often have a fear of contamination. If they touchShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic. However, OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational and may become further distressed by this realization. Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. Roughly one third to one half of adults withRead MoreMemory699 Words   |  3 Pagestime. You are most likely to forget information soon after you learn it. However, memory has a use-it-or-lose-it quality: memories that are called up and used frequently are least likely to be forgotten. Although tra nsience might seem like a sign of memory weakness, brain scientists regard it as beneficial because it clears the brain of unused memories, making way for newer, more useful ones. 2. Absentmindedness This type of forgetting occurs when you don’t pay close enough attention. You forgetRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1679 Words   |  7 PagesHaving occasional intrusive thoughts that you just are unable to get rid of is in itself not as strange, as some people might assume. It is fact actually quite common and not abnormal. Many people believe they have obsessive-compulsive disorder because of symptoms they may share with the disorder. But more and more often, this disorder is being overused and misdiagnosed unnecessarily. The turning point that changes from normal to abnormal is when these thoughts cause distress and disruption in thatRead MoreIs Anxiety A Normal Human Emotion That Every Single Person Experiences?1604 Words   |  7 Pagesobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from unwanted and intrusive thoughts that they can t seem to get out of their heads (obsessions), often compelling them to repeatedly perform ritualistic behaviors and routines (com pulsions) to try and ease their anxiety. (GAD) I love to scrapbook, and colors and other things have to match up or it will drive me crazy! I will play with it until it looks just right; Im not sure what causes this, but my brain will just not let it be. The problem with this is that ifRead MoreZeigarnik Effect1702 Words   |  7 Pageswords, if we are doing a task, in an interested and motivated way, and have to stop doing it, we ll find it hard to settle until we get back to the task and finish it. 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When you look at all thatRead MoreImportance Of The Tenth Amendment1315 Words   |  6 Pagesto the people.† The purpose of the tenth Amendment is to define the division of power between the federal government and state governments. The Tenth Amendment: Protecting Freedom Against Big Government The Tenth Amendment protects Americans from intrusive federal government action, The federal government only has powers listed in the constitution. Sometimes the federal government may try to do whatever they want, but do not consider the state powers. Federal government must follow the constitutionRead MoreEssay on Philosophy on Education1029 Words   |  5 Pagesimparting and acquiring of knowledge through teaching and learning? Is education only something you receive in a school. Education to me begins at birth; a journey that has begun, as you experience new things you learn and grow mentally and emotionally. By the time a child begins school they have learned a multitude of things which include a number of things like walking, speaking, listening this is just the beginning of their learning career. My beliefs are that all children can learn they have aRead MoreOcd Speech991 Words   |  4 Pages2 million American adults† suffer from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in a giv en year. In a world of 6 billion people, 2.2 million doesn’t seem like much, but to put it into perspective, 2.2 million is about the population of Houston, Texas. b. Motivation: This disorder is a part of everyday life and affects all Americans, regardless of race or class. Just like thousands of other medical problems that affect us today, it’s important for the public to be informed about the disorder in order toRead MoreResearch on the Attitude of the Irish on Alcohol720 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand experience, ideas, beliefs and values. Researchers aim to gather a deep understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates the reasons behind the decision making process, not just what, where and when. Therefore, smaller but more focused samples are often used rather than large samples. Focus groups, in-depth interviews and content analysis are among some of the approaches used, but the research involves the analysis of any

`` The Little School `` By Alicia Partnoy - 1703 Words

In 1946, Juan Peron became President of Argentina with support from the working class. He bettered the lives of Argentinians such as improving the public health system, increasing working wages, as well as granting the power for women to vote (Partnoy 11). During this time, Alicia Partnoy, the author of The Little School, was involved in a political youth group who tried to fulfill the needs of Argentinians. However in 1975, Peron died and his third wife, Isabel Peron, took over as president and did not represent the needs of the working class. Instead, the power was left to the military who attacked, kidnapped, and killed political youth groups or any political activists that â€Å"threatened the country’s security† (Partnoy 11). The†¦show more content†¦During Isabel’s presidency political activists were forcibly taken to, beaten, and tortured in concentration camps. These real life experiences are difficult to share, thus Partnoy skims over certain de tails in the stories and may not be completely accurate accounts of what occurred. In the first story of Partnoy’s book, â€Å"The One-Flower Slippers†, she describes how she was captured by the military officials and sent to the secret detention center. Throughout her story, Partnoy uses the pronouns ‘she’ and ‘her’ instead of ‘I’. â€Å"When the soldiers grabbed her, forcing her into a truck†¦afterward she looked up: the sky was so blue that it hurt†¦she does not remember exactly the day it all happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Partnoy 25-26). This indicates that the story was written in a third-person point of view, which means the reader is not told the upfront details about the kidnapping but imaginary aspects bridge the moments together like a summary rather than a minute-for-minute transcription. These experiences from the secret detention centers were harsh, gruesome, and heartbreaking; therefore these fictional stories a llow the reader to digest and conceive the violent conditions and hardships that victims endured without knowing all the violent factual details. Hence some stories in the book may have glossed over certain parts, but it displays what happened in a light-hearted and

College Essay In Need Of Critique free essay sample

Once a child of cliches, I ate my words. Became obese; Was proud to be American. Enjoys the taste of a freshly baked poem, any time of day. Frequently brushes, but forgets to floss. Wakes up with morning breath. Was born of parents too young, And put up for adoption. Was taken in love, unrequited; My bad. I scribbled on the walls and called it my life story. Made love for the first time and knew What it was to write poetry. Bored by the straight-forwardness of prose; Became a fan of haikus and dying quotes. Lost interest in High School Academics. Read John Galts speech. Best two hours of my life. Was late to class; Cursed Ayn Rand. Pondered objectivism, in detention. Went to many parties; Lost my shoes. Ended up skinny dipping; Lost my clothes. Gave in to dares; Lost humility. Second guessed my sexuality; Lost stability. Got a girlfriend; Started winning. We will write a custom essay sample on College Essay In Need Of Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Began having opinions; Parents were angry. Stopped caring if lies were white. Became fond of black. Bought tight pants. Household turned war zone. Fought for gay marriage; And an allowance. Score one for homosexuality. Zero for me. Applied to college, For a brighter tomorrow. Jumped for joy; Broke a fluorescent light bulb. Laughed myself to sleep; Forgot to clean up the Mercury.

Pre-School In Three Cultures by Joseph Tobin, David Wu Dana Davidson free essay sample

Critical review of ethnographic work on Japanese, Chinese Amer. preschool theories, methods, aims, values, role of govt. parents, discipline. Preschool in Three Cultures: Japan, China, and the United States is an ethnographic study of the differences and commonalities among three societies with regard to preschool practices. As the authors state, their ethnographic study reveals as much about the reviewer/researchers as their research does about the children and their teachers; either way, Japanese, Chinese, and American culture are examined from political, cultural, sociological, psychological, and educational points of view. What emerges is literally a three dimensional video record (the authors videotape their subjects, and show the results to all three groups being studied) of preschool practices in three distinct cultures. A basic overview of the book will be given, as well as its basic strengths, and in closing, a recommendation to others regarding its use.

UMSL, University of Missouri St. Louis Admissions Data

UMSL, University of Missouri St. Louis Admissions Data UMSL Description: UMSL, the University of Missouri-St. Louis, is a regional public university and the largest university in the St. Louis region. The 350-acre campus has ready access to public transportation and area restaurants, museums and sporting events. The school was founded in 1960, and continued to expand throughout the 1970s. About 80% of UMSL students come from greater St. Louis region. Students can choose from 54 bachelors degree programs; professional fields in business, education, nursing and criminal justice are among the most popular with undergraduates. Classes are supported by a 17 to 1 student / faculty ratio, and about 70% of classes have fewer than 30 students. Outside of the classroom, students can join a number of clubs and activities, ranging from academic clubs, to recreational sports, to performing arts ensembles. On the athletic front, the UMSL Tritons compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference. The university fields five mens and six womens intercollegiate sports. Popular sports include soccer, tennis, golf, basketball, and volleyball. Admissions Data (2016): University of Missouri Acceptance Rate: 71%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 470  / 520SAT Math: 470 / 560SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 21  / 27ACT English: 21 / 27ACT Math: 19 / 26What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 16,989  (13,898 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 43% Male / 57% Female39% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $9,394 (in-state); $24,525 (out-of-state)Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,032Other Expenses: $3,038Total Cost: $23,464  (in-state); $38,595 (out-of-state) UMSL Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 93%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 90%Loans: 50%Average Amount of AidGrants: $12,546Loans: $5,804 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business, Communication, Criminology, Elementary Education, Nursing, Psychology Retention and Graduation Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 79%4-Year Graduation Rate: 29%6-Year Graduation Rate: 53% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Soccer, Tennis, Golf, BaseballWomens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, Softball, Golf, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like UMSL, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Missouri: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTruman State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWebster University: Profile  Saint Louis University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLindenwood University: Profile  SIU Edwardsville: Profile  Lincoln University: Profile  University of Kansas: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWashington University in St Louis: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRockhurst University: Profile  University of Arkansas: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMissouri State University: Profile   UMSL Mission Statement: mission statement from umsl.edu/services/academic/strategic-plan/vision-mission.html The University of Missouri-St. Louis provides excellent learning experiences and leadership opportunities for a diverse student body. Outstanding faculty and staff, innovative research, and creative partnerships foster synergies that advance the welfare of our stakeholders and benefit the global society.

Competitive Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitive Business Environment - Essay Example Developed countries realized that emerging nations such as China had completely taken over light manufacturing operation and the best course of action is to import or outsource manufacturing to economies such as China to be able to compete (CultureGrams, 2007). In the agricultural sector, new technologies such as generic engineering have changed the way farmers operate and has introduced new products such as organic products into the marketplace. The economies of developed countries have moved from a manual to a knowledge economy in which the service industry is the backbone that creates job opportunities for the citizens of such a nation. A new tendency which is affecting the way organization the business environment and the service function within firm related to customer service and vendor relationship is being handled by companies in the 21st century. This essay discusses the change that has taken place in the way services are being rendered by enterprises in today and the tenden cies that will manifest themselves in the future. Customer service is an important function that adds value to the business. Companies realize that the service a firm provides to its customers is a critical success factor that allows customer retention and provides an edge in a competitive business environment. Service is an intrinsic variable that provides added value to a product that makes the goods offered by a particular company more attractive that than similar items sold by a competitor (Hadi, 1999). For example, a customer knows that the software items offered by Microsoft Corporation include an outstanding long-term implied service in form of updates, improvements, assistance from the company to the client that purchases their product. A small software firm may not have the capability to offer a high level of service, thus they are not able to compete at the same level with firms that provide superior service value in for their products.

Information systeams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information systeams - Essay Example More so, the bank offers offshore banking services for the UK expatriates and foreigners residing in the UK. On the other hand, Barclays bank traces its origin in 1690 through a gold smith banking business in London. Later in 1736, an investor named James Barclay joined the business, which expanded tremendously to become a nationwide bank under the name Barclays and Co. Currently, the bank is a British multinational banking as well as a financial service company whose headquarters are in London, UK (Jain, 2005:96). The bank serves millions of customers with its outstanding services like saving accounts, current accounts, loans, mortgages, and much more all over the globe. This paper will evaluate the process of the two named banks’ personal loan processes and compare the two bank processes, not forgetting to outline the type of information system the banks use to process the personal loans NatWest personal loan There are two types of personal loans, which are secure and unsecu red loans. Unsecured loan is that which is supported by the credit worthiness of the borrower without using collateral or property. On the other hand, the secured loan is the loan acquired after rendering property or any other collateral as security to stand in place of the loan acquired. Unsecured loan is the most common type of loan acquired by individuals of all categories. To begin with, NatWest bank offers unsecured personal loans at a rate of 8.9% APR typical and this loan is available to existing current account holders only. The other account holders like the Advantage Gold,  Advantage Private, and Black Current Account holders the APR or preferential representative rates at 6.4% for loans ranging between ?7,500 and ?14,950. In addition, the applicant must be eighteen years and above and should be UK residence. In order for a borrower to estimate or work out how much loan he would like to borrow, the rates, monthly repayments and total loan costs, the bank offers personal loan calculators online. More so, the bank offers Jargon Buster to clarify confusing terminologies that are commonly associated with loans. Prior to unsecured loans, the bank also offers secured personal loan. This is a type of loan granted by banks over security of one or more asset. These assets will belong to the bank after the customer defaults on his personal loan repayments. In most cases, this loan is offered to people who offer houses or even personal vehicles as their security or collateral, which means that customers with these assets are the only individuals entitled to the loan. Unlike the unsecured loans, secured loans are more flexible in a manner that the borrower chooses on the period of repayment and can borrow as much amount of cash as they need as long as it is of the same value with the asset offered. Nevertheless, secured and unsecured personal loans fall under the same department. NatWest secured personal loan interest rates are paid based on personal circumsta nces where loans extending to ?14,950 have a maximum term of five years, while loans ranging from ?14,950 to ?25,000 have a maximum period of seven years. More so, home improvement loans over ?15,000, the repayment period takes up to ten years. In addition, no matter how much the amount one borrows, NatWest offers a minimum term of one year, and the borrower can repay the credit earlier

Epistemologies; Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Epistemologies; Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Plato, the father of philosophy, was a rationalist. He was the first systematic metaphysician and epistemologist. He believed that we had innate knowledge; a priori. So to him learning was only a matter of remembering. Plato believed that the â€Å"ideal† world existed beyond our own physical earth because according to him realty could not be changing or imperfect. From his point of view what we see are only the particulars, the mimics of the real thing, therefore, we have to pull back from the world of peculiars and search in our own minds. Things like justice or moral virtues do not exist in this world in a proper form. In Crito Meno we can clearly see these ideas. The essential argument in Crito is ‘The Many vs. The One’. Socrates says â€Å"We should’t care all that much about what the populace will say of us, but about what the expert on matters justice and injustice will say, the individual authority, or Truth. † With this phrase he is saying that we should never pay attention to the opinion of the many but always find the one who knows because that is the only person whose opinion is valuable. And later on he goes on to say that if it is never good to do injustice then it is also wrong to do injustice in response to injustice which is why he refuses to escape. In Meno we get more in depth into the idea of inborn knowledge. Meno starts with the question ‘What is Virtue? ’ but Meno always answers the question by giving examples of virtue instead of defining the word and going to the roots of what all those virtues have in common. Down in the world of particulars there are many kinds of virtues for example for the male it’s to run the state, female it’s to run the household but what is important, essential is the traits they both have in common; temperance and justice. Socrates uses the dialectical method in order to get answers out of Meno and also clearly demonstrates this method on a slave of Meno to prove his theory about innate knowledge. Even though it can always be used, using the dialectical method is specifically significant when a person believes that we have innate knowledge, because if what we call learning is just remembering then teaching is just pulling out that knowledge, giving opportunities for that innate knowledge to spring forth. Aristotle on the other hand was an empiricist. He believed that we â€Å"learned† through our senses, by gathering knowledge from the world around us; â€Å"a posteriori†. By reading ‘On the soul’ and ‘Metaphysics’ we get a clear sense of Aristotle’s epistemology. Aristotle encourages embracing the particular in order to possibly gain a sense of the universal. According to Aristotle forms are the essence and when we combine form and matter we get human. The reading ‘On the Soul’ discusses that the body and the soul is not one, that sight allows us to absorb the world in very abstract ways and that memory is learning. In the reading ‘Metaphysics’ Aristotle sets forth causes for the explanation of change: Substance (essence), Matter (or substratum), Source of change and the cause opposed to this. Plato and Aristotle both believed in a universal purpose but the ways in which they got to these universal purposes were very different. Plato was an idealist, he despised the physical whereas Aristotle was a scientist, he loved facts and commonsense. Aristotle would argue that we gain knowledge after experience (a posteriori) but Plato would certainly disagree and say that we gain knowledge before experience (a priori). Plato believes that there is a world of ideas where ideas exist perfectly, the objects in our world are just mimics whereas Aristotle says that the ideas we perceive are inside the particular object. By saying that matter and form combined is what makes an individual Aristotle brings Plato’s Forms â€Å"down from the heavens to concrete reality. †

America Online: Is It For Me? :: essays research papers

America Online: Is It For Me? You have probably heard of the Internet, but you weren't really sure if it was for you. You thought about it, but after all it costs so much and things like pornography and improper language are used everywhere, right? Wrong! Perhaps, I can convince you that America Online will be worth your time and money. One of the main reasons that people don't go online is that they think that it costs too much. America Online or AOL doesn't really cost all that much. When you sign on you get from 10 to 50 hours free, depending on the software that you download. Once you run out of free hours you may choose to stay online with a monthly fee. This monthly fee can be either $9.95 or $19.95 depending on how many hours you plan on using. If you are concerned that your children will visit web pages you prefer that they don't, then you can put parental guards on that don't allow them to visit those web pages. If you aren't familiar with web pages, they are basically ads that you look at containing information about the company, person, or product. Also you can sign your child on as a child or teen which keeps them out of restricted areas. Perhaps your main concern is people finding out things that you don't want them to. They only know as much as you tell them. If they ask for your password, credit card number, or any other personal info, you don't have to tell them that information. When you first sign on AOL staff will ask for things like name, age, address, phone number, and your credit card or checking account number. These things remain confidential and are used only for billing purposes. If anyone ask for personal information you can easily report them to AOL. When someone is reported they are either warned or kicked off the Internet. You can also report people that swear or use any kind of offensive words. Many of the chat rooms are guarded by "online hosts" or people that belong to AOL. These "guards" make sure nothing bad happens in chat rooms. You can be sure that there are AOL staff in the romance rooms, especially, because that is where the most foul and vulgar language takes place. If you are too young to be in the room, they will tell you to leave and go to a room where people your age belong. The world "online" also offers thousands of Reference sources like Groliers Multimedia Encyclopedia and over 100 magazines.

Post-Industrialism, Summary

The sense of economic transformation within the western industrial economies had been present since the 1970s. Some say we are entering into a post-industrial era. That is, leaving behind the the world of industrialism and its imagery – the factories, the heavy machinery and overalled men. Others say we are looking at one specific form of industry disappearing – that of mass production, a Fordist manufacture.Neo – or post-Fordist society (as another discourse), is all together a different kind of economy; one which is organized around flexible forms of production, which is becoming important as a means of responding to the greater diversity of consumer demand and fragmented market tastes. To put it simply, it is a change from a ‘mass’ to a ‘pluralistic’ kind of society. Economies are always in a state of change, but they are less often in the midst of a radical shift in the direction of the economy.What characterizes this radical shift i s firstly in its interconnected nature of such changes, what happens in one part of the economy effects upon the rest of the economy. Secondly it implies that a different set of dynamics is driving an economy. For instance, with the rise of post-industrialism, it is claimed that a new kind of dynamic – the generation of knowledge and the control of information, has displaced the dynamics of manufacturing technologies and the making of things. In this article it introduces 4 main theorists and their characterization of this radical shift of the economy. Post-Industrial SocietyThe idea of a post-industrial society first took hold in the US in the 1960s. Daniel Bell clearly outlined the nature of this transition. He adopted a ‘stages’ model of development which identified three phases of economic progress: a pre-industrial – dominated by agriculture, an industrial – manufacturing and a post-industrial, that he suggests we have entered is dominated by s ervices. According to Bell, the general direction of economic change is towards a service economy. He also suggests the concept of ‘axial principles’ which refers to the mechanisms or dynamics that give shape to an economy.In a post-industrial society, knowledge and information is the driving force that stimulate economic growth, it also takes the form of a final product – reams of information. Bell also pointed out the consequences of this new economic dynamic. 1. 1. Shift in the kinds of work that people do. From manual, manufacturing jobs to non-manual work in the service sector, where people no longer work upon things but work with each other to deliver a service. 2. 2. Shift in the occupational structure as manual jobs give way to white-collar and professional occupations. Skills and physical work requiring strength -> ‘think’ work. . 3. The emergence of a new class, the knowledge elites. As knowledge and information are the key sources of a post-industrial society, and they are the ones who control those resources. The intellectual work would be specialized, the new hierarchies of technical elites will be formed alongside the increased professionalization of work and the bureaucratization of ‘think' work. Alain Touraine also discussed about the post-industrialism. Like Bell, he also gave central place to the control of knowledge and information and identified the agents of change, the ones with control of knowledge as a ‘technocracy’.However at this point, they differ in their treatment of social conflict. In Touraine's analysis, there will be a new social divide between technocrats and bureaucrats on one hand, and a range of social groups such as workers, students and consumers on the other hand. This division is because the principal opposition between social group is no longer stem from the ownership and control of private property, but from access to information and its uses. So, the dominant cla ss would have power over the livelihood and lifestyle, not only in the sphere of economic production.Because of this, the social conflict and the social movement in post-industrial society will also be changed to that they are not so related to industry or particular material needs. New types of social movements such as environmental and feminist movements that are beyond the class politics will take form. Whereas Touraine sees post-industrial society as a setting in which the lack of power among certain social groups provides a basis for new lines of social resistance, Bell identifies a contradiction between the economic and the cultural realms of post-industrialism.While there is still a protestant work ethic, the committed, hard working spirit which also focused on economic efficiency, Bell points out that this is now at odds with the desire for a more hedonistic lifestyle, supported by overall material sufficiency, and the new emerging culturally expressive, individualistic life style of the post-modern culture. The Information Society Daniel Bell is again, a key contributor to the debate of information society, saying that this is a recent expression of post-industrial society.He claimed that the information society rested upon a knowledge theory of value. This means that knowledge has replaced productive labour as the source of value that creates future profits. Here, knowledge and its application is the resource, and this is integrated with the adoption of new information technologies which can reshape the ways we consume and produce, as well as where we perform these activities. However for Bell, information is regarded more than a resource but also a commodity which can be bought and sold in the market.This leads to the emergence of information occupations – consisting of professional, technical workers concerned with the production, processing and distribution of information. Manuel Castells also draws his opinion on the information-based socie ty. But he argues that information society is not necessarily matching with post-industrial society which the manufacturing sector is being replaced by the service sector. Rather, he identifies the role of knowledge and use of information as the ‘dynamics’ of the coming society. Knowledge, is both the base of production and the outcome of production.That means knowledge, as a resource and commodity in its own right, is a central means of improving economic performance and intensifies the process of economic innovation. Castells also identified the role of the new technologies enabling multinational companies to operate in new ways. The development of communication technologies, management system and technologies of production gave them opportunities to work in a more ‘footloose’ way. They joined multiple networks with other companies which enabled them to develop products jointly or serve specific markets.What Castells saw here was the concentration of powe r (information) among a knowledge elite in the corporations. Where, on the one hand, automation of low-skilled jobs especially among the workforce in maufacturing was undergoing. In other words, he distinguished a trend towards the polarization and segmentation of the social structure. The Divided Society Andre Gorz defined the change in the structure of employment and the change in the role of work in the post-industrial society. He claimed that there is a social division of secure, well-paid workers and a growing mass of the unemployed.In between them are the new post-industiral working class whom the work is no longer meaningful nor of any identity. In his view, the source of the problem is the emergence of new technologies that brought about automation at the workplace. It left the people with no jobs, creating ‘jobless growth’. If this continues, it would decrease the quality of the remaining working class jobs even more. Work in this sense, is just an instrumental activity for the majority. To earn money but with no satisfaction or content. Here we see a similar picture with that of Castells’s, the segmentation of the workforce.A privileged minority who obtains and controls the information and a casualized and marginalized majority of the working class. Gorz identifies this vision by referring to a society polarized between an emergent ‘servile’ class and a securely employed, professional class. The economic elites can now purchase at low cost the services that they’ve been capable of doing by themselves in the past such as domestic work. So the working class moves in to this service sector to ‘serve’ the economic elites. Their jobs – the new service jobs, lack dignity and are often not even considered as real jobs.And this line of argument by Gorz thus stresses a growing social inequality as a marking feature of post-industrialism. Conclusion ; Summary Despite the different aspects that these w riters each concentrated on, they agree on the fact that post-industrialism signals a number of distinguishing changes. Shift away from industrialism, a shift in the number of manufacturing economies to a service base. The growth of new occupations leading the economy, the white collar, professionals also categorized as knowledge elites. Gorz puts an emphasis here, on the fate of a deskilled working class forced to serve these elites.And the social and economic polarization that is also part of the general direction of the change. Lastly the shift in the types of social movements. From the attention on industrial forms of class politics to something beyond what we call class politics. Such as the green movement. If we refer to the beginning again, we can see it is not just a change, but a radical shift of the economy – the interconnected nature and changes in the dynamics of the economy. In this case, what all 4 writers agree on is that information and knowledge has become th e dynamics, the driving force of our economy.

Health Policy Values Personal Values And Beliefs

Health Policy Values Personal Values and Beliefs As human beings, we all have our morals, beliefs, and mindsets that have developed throughout the direction of everyone’s lives. Our family, friends, community, and the involvements we have had all added to our purpose of who we are and how we analyze the world (The Gospel Coalition, 2014). Values are principles or standards that a person or group of people holds in great respect. These values direct the way this author lives, and the choices made throughout my life. One of the utmost misconceptions about religious belief is that it involves a belief in God or a supreme existence. Religious beliefs are beliefs that produce worship or worship-related deeds, such as going to church (The Gospel Coalition, 2014). This author believes in God the Father, the Son Jesus Christ, and The Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Triune God. This writer also believes that the laws from the Bible should not be worked around by the law of our government and our constitution. The religious laws written are the commandments, and the government laws were written had neglected these commandments when they were signed into office. This author feels that if someone chooses to break God’s laws, then it is their choice. If you make a decision for all of the humankind to accept and follow this law, and against their beliefs then, to this writer, it is unethical and is showing misconception to the world that this is acceptable behavior which then canShow MoreRelatedHealth Policies And The Health Policy883 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Policy Values According to World Health Organization (WHO, 2015), â€Å"Health policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society† (p.1). Nursing can make a change in the health policy. This writer believes nursing is the most trusted professions and also upholds the uppermost values of morality and ethical principle. One of the journalists Deepak Chopra said, â€Å"Enlightened leadership is spiritual if we understand spiritualityRead MorePersonal Values And Beliefs And Values872 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal values and beliefs My personal beliefs and values are on par with the present health care policy in the United States (U.S.). I value and believe in compassion, empathy and respect. People have the right to access basic medical care when they are sick. So, there should be universal healthcare for the people at a cost that is affordable to them. The health care charge must be on the basis of income with a cap. The people who are under the poverty line should receive health care at free ofRead MoreValues And Believes Decides Personnel Priorities And Our Actions Follows994 Words   |  4 PagesValues and believes decides personnel priorities and our actions follows those significances. Nursing profession builds upon on specific human values such as honesty, kindness as the cornerstone of the profession since the beginning (Gokenbach, 2012). In this paper, the writer discusses the personal values, beliefs, and differentiates personal beliefs with the health care policy using cost, quality aspects, analyz e the religious, personal, political ideology and how it affects the perspective ofRead MoreAustralia Is A Country With Cultural And Ethnic Diversity Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pageshave right to express and share their individual culture, religious belief and values. In this diverse environment, there are several of reasons why nurses can refuse to participate in procedures, which are against as well as unacceptable in their own religious, moral, ethical beliefs and value as a health care professional. However, there should be a fine line between those religious, moral belief and the individual’s personal convenience and preference. This essay will discuss on the right of nursesRead MoreHealth Policy and Values1583 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Policy Values Anil Jose UIC November 5th, 2014 Introduction A person’s physical state, mental state and social well-being defines health. According to World health Organization (WHO), â€Å"A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities(WHO, 2014). Health care policies are defined and implied by government for the betterment of general health of the public. ThisRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1053 Words   |  5 PagesEvery profession has its rules, beliefs, theories, and principles. This aforementioned are the podium upon which the value and philosophies of the success of each profession is based. These philosophies and values do not operate in a vacuum. They influence the way which professionals carry out their day to day activities for maximum success. Consequently, Nursing and Nurses are not immune to the great influence of values and philosophies, be it at personal or corporate levels. This is because, nursingRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Health Policy Values871 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Policy Values As human beings, we all have our own values, beliefs and attitudes that we have developed throughout the course of our lives. Our family, friends, community and the experiences we have had all contribute to our sense of who we are and how we view the world (The Gospel Coalition, 2014). Values are principles, standards or qualities that an individual or group of people hold in high regard. These values guide the way this author lives and the decisions made throughout my life.Read MoreThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture, upbringing, attitudes and beliefs can influence what one views as ethicalRead MoreAn Unethical Behavior Among Its Nursing Staff1404 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Statement: Pleasant Valley Memorial hospital is experiencing unethical behavior among its nursing staff. Nursing Manager Susan manages the intensive care unit (NICU). Repeatedly, Susan encounters the NICU nurses allowing their personal beliefs to influence behavioral work norms and patient care. Dedicated nurses such as Nurse Pamela refuse to care for certain patients with lifestyles she opposes. Other nurses have mistreated a 16-year-old father of a baby under their care by ignoringRead MoreReasearch, Roles, And Values1432 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: REASEARCH, ROLES, AND VALUES IN NURSING 1Research, Roles, and Values in NursingGeoi LeonardMississippi University for WomenNU 360: Introduction to Scholarly Activity for the Professional Nurse9/25/2017Debbie Ricks TE8 2REASEARCH, ROLES, AND VALUES IN NURSING In 2011, the Office of Inspector General for Health and Human Services said that 180,000 patients die from medical

Essay on A Look at Various Leadership Styles - 1137 Words

There has been debate over what constitutes a leader so there is no wonder that the styles of leaders vary. Leaders must be able to motivate, mentor, coach and inspire others to reach organizational goals. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people (Medina, 2011). All leaders of effective groups have four characteristics in common. First, they provide direction and meaning to the people they are leading and are responsible for keeping team members aware of important stated goals and objectives (Howard, 2005). Second, they generate trust by acting in an honest manner that creates an environment of trust (Howard, 2005). Third, they prefer action and risk taking and are†¦show more content†¦I currently manage a total of twenty-seven employees and have three who directly report to me. There are twenty-four who are at the other branches and are mostly managed via e-mail, memos and an occasional visit from me. The three in my office are quite diverse, Ann, a recently married young mother, Linda, a near retirement age older lady and Rohan, a recently immigrated Hindu young man. It is necessary to be participative in my style of leadership and use emotional intelligence to manage my relationships with them in a mature and constructive way. I must listen to their needs and we come to a solution without having a negative impact on their daily workload. My transactional leadership style is used with all three employees but I have to rely on it mostly with Ann, my youngest employee. Consistently her role as a dispatch clerk must be clarified and reiterated. She is not an employee who responds well when her mistakes are exposed, but responds best when she is shown how to accomplish the goal and correct her errors. I have learned that I have to monitor her progress toward goal achievement or she will miss the mark. Her rewards are in direct relation to her accomplishments, and when she misses the go als, we come up with new strategies to achieve them. Now years later, I understand that in order to motivate her, I must use different tactics that respond to her willingness to make goals but her inability to achieve those goals on her own. Linda is anShow MoreRelatedWeek 7 Leadership Paper1424 Words   |  6 Pages Synthesis Paper: Leadership RES -811 April 22, 2015 Leadership Paper This paper will create a dialogue concerning the following articles and synthesis them to generate a discussion of the common themes that run throughout them, as well as understanding the conclusion of all three articles when taken as one entity. Article 1: Fearless Dominance and the U.S. Presidency: Implications of PsychopathicPersonality Traits for Successful and Unsuccessful Political Leadership by S.O. Lilienfeld, IRead MoreCompany Analysis : Pepsico And Coca Cola1471 Words   |  6 PagesGuyette Introduction Various organizations around the world have a lot of share in the market. These organizations try to make sure that, they work in such a manner that, they have a competitive advantage in the market. Here, in the present paper, the discussion shall include two organizations. The first organization is PepsiCo and the second organization considered here is Coca Cola. These organizations are in the beverage industry and also provide various kinds of food products to theRead MoreLeadership Scale For Sports Developed By Chelladurai And Saleh1274 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership has an impactful presence on the participation of sport. Various leadership styles and tendencies are displayed by coaches and administrators and we look to examine how these dimensions of leadership correlate with participant responsiveness, satisfaction, and motivation. In addition to the effects of leadership on participation, the effectiveness of multi-dimensional leaders will be discussed as well as the exami nation of leadership behaviors that yield the most satisfactory resultsRead MoreThe Little Black Book Of Supervision1574 Words   |  7 PagesLittle Black Book Of Supervision, Chapter-3 of Leadership Skills, Gil Sargent mentions that the quality of a leader to motivate affects the employee performance. Every worker gets motivated in a different way and it also depends on the ability of the leader. In this chapter, the author has very well explained the leadership skills required for efficient supervision and the motivational factors to motivate the staff. According to him, there are various kinds of supervisors and employees, but the mostRead MoreLeadership Styles And Staff Retention1156 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Title The working title of this research is initially drafted as – Leadership Styles and Staff Retention: How leadership styles affect staff retention? 2.0 Background of the Study Leadership is an incremental component that centers the existence, survival and functioning of any group or organisation. Indeed, the organisations recognise that their success is highly-dependent upon the quality and effectiveness of this dimension. There are two main functions that leaders are bounded to performRead MoreThe Elements Of Leadership And Management Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pages There are various tools such as character traits, influence, persuasion, and change which can help an effective leader manage. A manger/leader should be prepared to persuade and influence others by using their character traits. Theories of leadership, management, and influence and change will be a major topic in this paper. This paper will discuss each of the elements of leadership and management, and how influence, persuasion, and change can affect the outcome. Leadership Leadership is somethingRead MoreBarack Obama s President Of The United States1264 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Barak Obama’s leadership style is constantly being critiqued. Although many still debate the effectiveness of his presidency, most people agree that his transformational leadership approach was the prescribed style the country was in need of. Now let’s discuss some of his leadership traits. I believe that defining a leader by one set of traits can be challenging, if not impossible. That is mostly likely that when you research leadership traits you come across various opinions; among themRead MoreLeadership Goals And Strengths And Weaknesses1214 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership theories in and of themselves carry negative and positives characteristics. Within the various theories lie strengths and weaknesses that when applied to complex problems can highlight each one respectively. As I examine a few theories, I will look at the strengths and weaknesses of each and determine when and with which situation would these theories best be utilized. Collective leadership or distributive leadership, and leader-member exchange are both theories that incorporate specificRead MoreThe 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. The texts that I read in courses throughout the program influenced me greatly. One of my favorite texts was Covey’s, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective people. Ever since, I have been working on those habits and have found them to be very effective in my leadership role. The 7 Habits of Highly Effecti ve People (Covey, 2004), the author discussed how effective leaders habits lead to grow from dependenceRead MoreVisionary Leadership : Vision And Values Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesVisionary Leadership Visionary leadership focuses on encouraging people to believe, and helping them carry out the vision of the organization. According to Tompkins, Visionary leadership theory holds that those in position of responsibility must develop a clear vision of organizational success, articulate the values by which success will be achieved, symbolize vision and values in everything they do, and inspire organizational members to adopt the vision and values as their own (Tompkins, 2005).

The Problem Of Human Trafficking - 982 Words

The answer when it comes to what leads a runaway child to being trafficked, why the runaways do not seek help, and if the runaways should be punished in the eyes of the law, is simple at best. These issues are not sugar coated, they are not for the faint of heart, and they will make you fear for your safety or your child’s safety. The children deserve to be loved, they deserve to have justice brought against their perpetrators, and they deserve to have people to turn towards. Human trafficking is a disturbing epidemic that is sweeping across our nations, seeping through the cracks of our houses, and stealing the innocence away from our children. I would like to say that it is very hard to lure a child into this growing, sickening hype. Yet, it is very easy to grasp the emotions of a runaway and lead them to believe that trafficking is a new and exciting way to better themselves. A runaway is already in a disturbed mental status or she would have not resorted to leaving her hom e in the first place. She is possibly being abused at home or is coming from a poverty-stricken family. She also may have a boyfriend who is telling her that he has a life for her that is a great and exciting proposition. If she does not have a boyfriend then she could meet a stranger on the street who tells her the same. She is depressed, lonely, and looking for love. Therefore, this seems like a great idea to her. Yet, when she is faced with the reality of what the job actually entails, she is leftShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthese problems. Taking a closer look at an ongoing issue highly prevalent in our world today, it is easy to see that other issues feed off it, and can contribute to the issue at hand. The issue I want to focus on is human trafficking. This type of criminalization is often one that is overlooked, most people believing that it is some sort of â€Å"myth,† or that this type of action happens to very few, and i s only part of developing countries. However, the truth of the matter is that human trafficking occursRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1328 Words   |  6 Pagestaken from their homes and put into human trafficking. Every individual is supposed to be given the opportunity to a long and happy life but, with human trafficking standing in the way, millions of people are subjected to illnesses, diseases, and unhappiness. Human trafficking has taken over the lives of many, especially in Bangladesh. A country that is subjected to filth, poverty, and sex trafficking. Bangladesh is one of the top countries for human trafficking. The people of Bangladesh are in needRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the topic human trafficking, mostly everyone knows that it has a lot of history to its name. According to ben skinner, â€Å" there are more slaves in the world today then ever before†(E. Benjamin pg. xi). There have been many inci dents and cases with human trafficking such as, sex trade, smuggling, violence, etc. Today, one can show how real is Human Trafficking. This paper details the big enigma exist todays date, that Human Trafficking is real. Trafficking can happen in almost everyRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1439 Words   |  6 Pages Though it may be receiving more attention in recent years, it could be argued that the complete magnitude of human trafficking is still not fully comprehended. Professor of Epidemiology, Rezaeian Mohsen, has stated that, â€Å"The ultimate intention of human trafficking is to give illegitimate power to a human being in order to force another human being to be a subject of modern slavery i.e. prostitution, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, etc.† (Mohsen, 2016, p.36). This type of illegitimateRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1080 Words   |  5 Pagesinevitable. The thought of writing my essay was frightening enough but deciding on a topic and searching for sources was a completely different story. After a few sleepless nights, I finally decided on my topic, human trafficking. I chose this topic because I believe human trafficking is a problem not only in America but worldwide and needs to be taken seriously. My strong dislike for research papers is not someth ing to hide but I am hoping for the best for this essay and the class. As I began researchingRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking883 Words   |  4 Pagesinterest in ending human trafficking, a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon, has been slow and selective. The inner reason for the poor success is the prevailing conception of the problem. 2. This paper argues that the limited success in fighting human trafficking is to a large extent the result of framing the existing debate of human trafficking as predominantly a matter of prevention and protection rather than addressing the global market conditions within which human trafficking thrives . UnlikeRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction- A million of women children are trafficking worldwide every year it is problem of developed and developing and under developing country, issue found that across the nation are can say that trafficking is flowing to underdeveloped country to developing country or developing country to develop country. It has been made big market of human trafficking. Human trafficking is the third big benefitted industry in the world. At least million of children using in the prostitution for-profitRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1387 Words   |  6 Pagesyears’ human trafficking has recogn ized as major illegal and problematic activity within the criminal justice system throughout the United States and a majority of the world. Although much attention has been paid to the worldwide aspect of human trafficking it is important to realize its domestic prevalence. According to ------------------ and estimated 200,0000 to 300,000 immigrants are trafficked illegally within the United States from impoverished countries. The topic of human trafficking has provedRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking2103 Words   |  9 PagesHuman Trafficking Introduction The problem of human trafficking affects many countries around the world. In practice, it is a transnational organized crime in which participants have networks in different countries where they source and sell their victims. Human trafficking has adverse effects on the victims as well as the entire society. Accordingly, many countries have implemented different policies in an effort to combat this social concern. Despite these policies and intervention measures, humanRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1168 Words   |  5 Pagesa form of what we know today as human trafficking. The trafficking in persons is a form of modern day slavery, and exploits it’s victims into a slavery type setting such as manual labor or for commercial sex purposes. Many adults and elderly make up a great number of the humans that are trafficked each year, but the general population is children since they are usually helpless and are easier to manipulate since they are still in the ages of lear ning. Trafficking people is a very serious crime and

Literature Review on True and Fair View

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review on True and Fair View. Answer: Introduction The true and fair view (TFV) concept whose origin can be traced back at least to the Joint Stock Companies Registration and Regulation Act of 1844 (UK), that required preparation of full and fair balance sheets is still integral to corporate financial reporting regimes in the UK and many other English speaking countries of the world. It evolved as a device for curtailing the unscrupulous activities of corporate opportunists that impeded the efficient functioning of corporate capitalism - a modern western European phenomenon which originated in the sixteenth century and was exported to the rest of the world by political colonialism and economic empire-building (Zeff, 2016). Since the issuance of the European Communitys Fourth Directive in July 1978, this concept has also been extended to the nations of the European Economic Community5 and more recently adopted by the Nordic countries as well.6 Notwithstanding the widespread application of this term, its interpretation has been the sub ject of dispute between accountants and lawyers ever since it was formally introduced by the Companies Act 1948 (UK) and the purpose served by it remains unclear. In Australia, the TFV concept has been in the companies legislation since the Victorian Companies Act of 1890.8 Following the amendments to the Corporations Law 1989 emanating from the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program 1997-1998; however, its status has been subordinated by the Australian accounting standards. The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) now makes compliance with accounting standards mandatory (s296) and the TFV requirement is to be satisfied through the notes, only if necessary (s297). In addition, the statutory provisions of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (previously referred to as the Corporations Law) that supported the TFV requirement (old s294 and Schedule 5) have also been repealed. The true and fair view concept is one of two competing but not mutually exclusive legal or professional standards for financial reporting quality that have been subject to debate on their meaning, use and importance. The other is present fairly in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. While the former is closely identified with judgment and is used in the European Union, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand, the latter is the standard for United States financial reporting and tends to be more rules based. The true and fair view legal requirement either overrides other financial reporting requirements (EU3 and Singapore) or is additional (Australia and New Zealand). Australia has similar colonial roots and tended to follow the U.K. example, especially in early legislation (Man Ciurea, 2016). However, both countries appear to be moving away from true and fair as a literal concept to a more technical meaning that also requires compliance with a set of rules include d a schedule of rules for auditing and accounting, together with the overriding requirement for a true and fair view. However, the Companies Act 1993, in conjunction with the Financial Reporting Act 1993, requires financial statements that comply with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) with an additional requirement of true and fair view. Prior to the passing of the 1993 Acts, it was suggested that companies could use the legislative power of true and fair view to avoid complying with GAAP. It is claimed that the 1993 legislation effectively removed this option for companies that are reporting entities. Thus the true and fair view rule is no longer overriding, but co-exists with GAAP in that, while complying with GAAP is a legal requirement, directors still have the obligation to provide additional information to ensure that the financial reports represent substance as well as form. Following a diverging path from U.K. influences, the scholars also uses the terms fairly reflect and fair presentation and states that the terms are equivalent. This may possibly signal a move away from true and fair view towards the U.S.A. requirement for fair presentation. The mainly prescriptive literature suggests that countries that require compliance with true and fair view tend to address and interpret the concept according to country-specific historical, social, cultural, legal, political and economic roots and environments. This has been confirmed by earlier empirical research. Thus the concept has been described as a formula for international disharmony and as an exercise in dehumanization. Yet the disharmony may not be confined to different national cultures, but may include within-country groups. If terms such as true and fair view and present fairly have different meanings for different participants in financial accounting, they may contribute to an expectations gap. This gap is defined here as the difference between the perceptions and expectations users have of general purpose financial statements quality and meaning, and the quality and meaning of general purpose financial statements the accounting profession prepares and audits. Nobes (2 015) describes this succinctly as the gap between what financial statements mean and what many non-accountants think they mean. Although the audit expectation gap has been extensively researched, the financial reporting gap has the potential to be more extensive and more misleading to users. The audit gap arises from differing interpretations of an auditors role, whereas the financial reporting gap may exist because of a persistent lack of truth in GAAP itself or from a gap in perceptions of standards for financial reporting quality held by financial statement users, preparers and auditors The true and fair view concept has not been authoritatively defined. Some approaches to definition consider true and fair view in relationship to its individual components. The scholars raise the question of whether the terms true and fair together amount to more than their separate parts and suggests neither presupposes the other. Although Nobes and Parkers 1991 survey of U.K. auditors concluded that the majority of auditors distinguished between the terms true and fair, their 1991 survey of U.K. directors found most saw true and fair view as a hendiadys. () found Australian directors also did not distinguish between true and fair. Tracing the true and fair view concepts history in Australia, Parker (1994) concluded that the term had become an exercise in deharmonisation between Australia and the U.K. Scholars came to a similar conclusion when they compared the U.K. findings of Nobes and Parker (1991) on auditor perceptions with those of an Australian study. As reported by () the survey of Australian auditors found, in contrast to Nobes and Parkers U.K. findings, that only 7 per cent of Australian auditors as opposed to 80 per cent (U.K.) distinguished true from fair. Piketty and Ganser (2014) saw this difference as evidence that the attitudes to true and fair view in the two countries differed as a result of accounting practices drawing apart, con- firming the cultural and contextual nature of accounting. Giordano-Spring, Martinez and Vidal (2015), found that, like their Australian counterparts, most New Zealand auditors also saw true and fair as a hendiadys. This result is also consistent with much of the descriptive literature. In the US we have recently witnessed the collapses of Enron and WorldCom. In Australia we have had HIH, One.Tel and Harris Scarfe. While there has been a tendency to blame the auditors, these disasters have not been caused by auditing practices. Bad management is inevitably a root cause. But misleading accounts serve to exacerbate the destruction, with investors buying and selling on the stock exchange unaware of what the accounts are failing to disclose (Denoncourt, 2015). Something is seriously wrong when the financial statements of apparently healthy but, in reality, doomed companies have largely complied with the demands of accounting standards. The Corporations Act 2001 requires that financial reports of Australian public companies to both comply with accounting standards and give "a true and fair view" of the financial position and performance of the company. If there is a conflict between the two requirements, then the true and fair view must be reflected through further information incorporated in the notes to the accounts. The explanatory memorandum which accompanied the 1998 amendments to the Corporations Law, inserting a reference, for the first time, to "the financial position and performance of the company", stated that this approach was viewed as being consistent with "information that is relevant to the assessment of performance, financial position and financing and investing" (Edwards, 2013). A move to market value and economically realistic accounting, through a "mark to market" approach, is necessary to give such a true and fair view. Some say that this would bring in too much subjectivity and too much judgemen t and ought therefore to be categorically rejected. There is no agreement or authoritative court judgments on what true and fair view means. The requirement is to give a true and fair view not the true and fair view, so that there may be a range of acceptable views in any given case. But just because we cannot find a one size fits all definition doesn't mean that we are entitled to render the concept totally devoid of content and therefore useless. Whether or not mark to market accounting is adopted, it is beyond argument that in many cases compliance with accounting standards can and does produce grotesque and misleading accounts that in no way comply with the true and fair view requirement (Giordano-Spring, Martinez Vidal, 2015). It's clear from recent evidence that, in practice, those who audit our companies either don't understand, or, more alarmingly, choose to ignore their legally mandated obligations to do just that. The ability to sidestep such crucial legislative requirements is made possible by the fact that the ASIC either cannot, or will not, enforce the law. The ASIC believes it would be a very heavy burden to require every board of directors to separately enquire whether any set of accounts which complies with accounting standards also reflects a true and fair view. Yet the assumption of this burden is a legal requirement. In failing to enforce the law, the ASIC is suggesting that it is never possible to demonstrate that directors did not take all reasonable steps to comply with the true and fair view requirement (Lee, 2015). Australia is not alone, and certainly not the worst offender. Until recently in the US heavy reliance has been placed on accounting standards, there having been no requirement to provide a true and fair view. Using as an example aircraft market prices pre and post September 11, 2001, Walter Schuetze, the former chief accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commiss ion, highlighted the problems with the US approach in his testimony to a Senate committee earlier this year. Pre September 11, the major airlines, to the extent that they own aircraft instead of leasing them, had, on their balance sheets, aircraft at the cost of acquiring them. Post September 11, the market prices of each aircraft fell about 50 per cent say from $100 million to $50 million. Yet, under the US rules, those airlines continue to report each aircraft on their balance sheets at $100 million. Under mark to market accounting, he claims, each aircraft would be reported on the balance sheets at its real value of $50 million. It is no wonder, given recent events that the law in the US has recently changed to require CEOs and CFOs to certify, in effect, their belief that the company's accounts are true and fair. The real challenge for all of us now is to persuade directors, auditors and the ASIC to better understand what the law requires and to encourage the ASIC to take appropriate steps to enforce it (Maynard, 2013). The current debate highlights just how poorly served the investi ng public is by auditors. In other markets, we have focus groups to ensure that the customer's needs are targeted and satisfied. In the securities market the investor is the customer. But, in this market, unlike any other, the customer continues to be patronised by the arcane world of auditing practices, and doubly so because of the ASIC's failure to police accounts according to legislative requirements. Reference List and Bibliography Ahmed, W. (2013). Analysis of Factors Present in Financial Reporting Standards Leading to Manipulate True Fair View of an Entity's Financial Statements.Browser Download This Paper. Blankespoor, E., Linsmeier, T. J., Petroni, K. R., Shakespeare, C. (2013). Fair value accounting for financial instruments: Does it improve the association between bank leverage and credit risk?.The Accounting Review,88(4), 1143-1177. Burton, G. F., Jermakowicz, E. K. (2015).International Financial Reporting Standards: A Framework-Based Perspective. Routledge. Caria, A. A., Silva, A. M., Gomes, D. R. R., Oliveira, L. C. A. M. (2016). Accounting as an Information System. InMBA(pp. 125-156). Springer International Publishing. Chambers, R. L. (Ed.). (2014).An accounting thesaurus: 500 years of accounting. Elsevier. Denoncourt, J. A. (2015).Patent-backed debt finance: should company law take the lead to provide a" true and fair" view of SME patent assets?(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham). Edwards, J. R. (2013).A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Edwards, J. R. (2014).Twentieth Century Accounting Thinkers (RLE Accounting). Routledge. Erb, C., Pelger, C. (2015). Twisting words? A study of the construction and reconstruction of reliability in financial reporting standard-setting.Accounting, Organizations and Society,40, 13-40. Giordano-Spring, S., Martinez, I., Vidal, O. (2015). Historical Cost vs. Fair Value to Measure INCOME in Accounting.Comptabilit-Contrle-Audit,21(3), 119-148. Haupt, M., Ismer, R. (2013). The EU Emissions Trading System under IFRSTowards a True and Fair View.Accounting in Europe,10(1), 71-97. Jiang, J. X., Wang, I. Y., Wangerin, D. (2017). How Does the FASB Make Decisions? Agenda Setting, Individual Board Members, and Fair Value Accounting. Lee, T. A. (2015). Accounting and the decision usefulness framework.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, 110. Man, M., Ciurea, M. (2016). Transparency of Accounting Information in Achieving Good Corporate Governance. True View and Fair Value.Social Sciences and Education Research Review,3(1), 41-62. Maynard, J. (2013).Financial accounting, reporting, and analysis. Oxford University Press. Nobes, C. (2015). IFRS Ten Years on: Has the IASB Imposed Extensive Use of Fair Value? Has the EU Learnt to Love IFRS? And Does the Use of Fair Value make IFRS Illegal in the EU?.Accounting in Europe,12(2), 153-170. Onesti, T., Romano, M., Taliento, M. (2015). Acquisition-type or merger-type accounting? Further insights on transactions involving businesses governed by the same party (-ies).FINANCIAL REPORTING. Piketty, T., Ganser, L. J. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Piketty, T., Ganser, L. J. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Zeff, S. A. (2016).Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

Marketing and Customer Orientation free essay sample

Discuss what is meant by the term â€Å"customer orientation† for an organisation in the context of the marketing mix. Please discuss two elements of the marketing mix and illustrate your answer with examples of products or brands of your choice. This essay is for discussing customer orientation and analysis how customer orientation works. During this essay, I will show you what is customer orientation and compare it with other different orientations. In addition, I will talk about marketing mix in customer-oriented organization. Finally, I will show you two brands as example for discussing and comparing about their marketing mix. â€Å"Customer orientation† means an organization, which is running by producing or providing affordable goods or services then making customers satisfying and raise the customer value. â€Å"Competitor orientation† is an opposite mode to compare with â€Å"customer orientation†, as competitor oriented organization, they paid more attention on what did their competitors do and how to do a better work than their competitors. There’s another orientation called †marketing orientation†, it is a kind of mode between customer orientation and competitor orientation, not only concern about what their customer need, also care about how to make them more competitive than their competitor, they do keep a balance in both customer orientation and competitor orientation. As companies and organizations, they need to choose proper marketing tools what are depend on their orientation. So, â€Å"marketing mix† is often crucial when determining a product or brands offer. Normally, â€Å"marketing mix,† means McCarthy‘s 4Ps theory, which is included Price, Product, Promotion, and Place. Afterward, the 4Ps have been expanded to the 7Ps and even more. There is another theory, which is called 4Cs; Robert F. Lauterborn put this theory forward. This theory is involved Customers’ wants and needs, Cost, Communication and Convenience, different with 4Ps and 7Ps theory, the 4Cs put its emphasis on customers as a customer oriented version. Following is some comparing between 4Ps and 4Cs: (Roy McClean, 2012)  ·Consumer wants and needs (vs. Products) You cant develop products and then try to sell them to a mass market. You have to study consumer wants and needs and then attract consumers one by one with something each one wants. Author of the movie Field of Dreams, J. P. Cancilla may have exclusive rights to the phrase build it and they will come. In most cases, you have to find out what people want and then build it for them, their way.  ·Cost to satisfy (vs. Price) You have to realize that price measured in dollars is one part of the cost to satisfy. If you sell hamburgers, for example, you have to consider the cost of driving to your restaurant, the cost of conscience of eating meat, etc. One of the most difficult places to be in the business world is the retailer selling at the lowest price. If you rely strictly on price to compete you are vulnerable to competition in the long term.  ·Convenience to buy (vs. Place) You must think of convenience to buy instead of place. You have to know how each subset of the market prefers to buy on the Internet, from a catalogue, on the phone, using credit cards, etc. Lands End clothing, Amazon Books and Dell Computers are just a few businesses that do very well over the Internet.  ·Communication (vs. Promotion) You have to consider the communication instead of promotion. Promotion is manipulative (ouch! ) its from the seller. Communication requires a give and take between the buyer and seller (thats nicer). Be creative and you can make any advertising interactive. Use phone numbers, your web site address, etc. to help here. And listen to your customers when they are with you. Actually, in my point of view, customer orientation has more advantages and it is good approaches, which can make their products, get into the marketing in a short time. By knowing what do customers need, the companies are able to adjust their marketing strategy as soon as possible for making customers satisfied. Moreover, customer orientation can motivate more creative during the produce. Because the customer oriented organization have undertaken more responsibility of customers, they are able to build a much more positive brand image in customers than other orientation, at the same time, customers can get more choices as well in the customer oriented marketing. As for being a customer oriented organization, marketing research is the most important part, as we know, research is the best way to know customers’ need for reaching customers’ expectation. In addition, classify product into different categories for making customers more convenience during there expend is neccesary, as well as satisfying customers who are in different classes and having consumption habit. What I need to emphasize here is, segmentation is assignable tool to be a customer-oriented organization. Not only it can put their product into an exact marketing positioning, also can make needs of customers into a more specific categories classified. For example, companies can put their customers into different groups by consider about geographical factors, age factors, gender factors, income factors, education background factors, social status factors, personality factors, lifestyle factors, behavior factors, nationality factors, religion factors, occupation factors and more. It is really influence an organization in a positive aspect, like finding out and developing more new business chances, and put their resources into marketing by a proper way. It does increase effective uses of their resources. The customer oriented organizations also need to improve customer value, for example, like providing services more than customers bought, keeping contact with customers even customers do not spend money at their organization at these moments, trying keep customers’ costs lower and lower on their product than a same of other, having actions after customers give advises and complaints†¦ As a successful customer oriented organization, they must earn trust and customer loyalty from their customer as the first step. Then build a strong positive image and finally keep a long-term friendly relationship with their customers. Next, I will show you two different brands and analyze them by marketing mix, from product and promotion these two aspects and simply compare them. Zara is a Spanish clothing and accessories retailer based in Arteixo, Galicia, and founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega and Rosalia Mera. It is the flagship chain store of the Inditex group and the worlds largest apparel retailer as well. As we know, the biggest characteristic of Zara is the â€Å"fast fashion† mode. This amazing group can complete a mount of product from design, produce to ready for selling within only 15 days. Moreover, Zara can push over 120000 kinds of style in a year, but only a few mounts for each will be sold in one flagship store. It means, you may not able to find the cloth you had seen it few days ago, and when you were shopping in Zara, you can see the totally different clothes with last week. Actually, Zara is a typical customer oriented organization, they shows the newest fashion to customers even the fashion is just imitative fakes. They can let their customers catch fashion as soon as possible but do not need to afford the expansive costs as buying luxury brand. For these reasons, Zara does not need sales promotion to motivate customers consume, they have already built a strong customer loyalty and own a positive public relations, customers always can get something within their budget at Zara. Also, Zara let all their customers know, most of their clothes are made in Europe for showing their lineage. As for another brand, Gucci is an Italian fashion and leather goods brand, part of the Gucci Group, which is owned by French company Kering formerly known as PPR. Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921. As everyone knows, Gucci is a luxury brand and lead the top fashion nowadays, their products are only provide to high consumption of social classes by a quiet expansive price. But even the price is not affordable, they still attract a mount of customers by their Luxurious,simpleness and top fashion design. Not only it is a symbol of luxury, it also reflects a high level taste of fashion. There is no doubt that Gucci always keep their products in a superior quality for being a luxury brand. Moreover, Gucci is really good at making use of celebrity effect for raise their brand value, and Gucci always let their customers feeling that, Gucci means the upper class. I have to say, it is really a smart promotion method, which combine public relations and advertising —— make a equal between their brand image and luxurious by let celebrities to be their advertise. So even I do not think Gucci is a pure customer orientation, they do make a great success in their field. Actually, Zara and Gucci are both fashion brand but have total different marketing positioning. Gucci is in a brand group who truly lead the top fashion, and produce high-end and exquisite product. Different with Gucci, Zara is just produce â€Å"fake fashion† by imitate, but can make a huge profit by the marketing mode. I cannot decide which one is better, but they are both successful that we cannot deny. In the paragraphs above, I have talked definitions about customer orientation, competitor orientation and marketing orientation. Then, I discussed about marketing mix and compared 4Ps theory and 4Cs theory. Afterward, I talked about advantages and necessary elements for being a customer oriented organization. At the final part of my essay, there are two successful brand were showed by me and I compare the different mode of them in the last paragraph.

Social Context of Dementia Essay Example

Social Context of Dementia Essay Social Context of Dementia Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Social Context of Dementia Dementia refers to a decline in a person’s mental abilities such as memory and thinking capacity. It occurs because of the physical changes that occur on the brain due to damaged brain cells. This affects the person’s ability to perform their daily tasks. Dementia also affects communication and language, ability to pay attention, visual perception, judgment, and reasoning (Duggleby et al, 2009). One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s, which accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Alzheimer’s affects a person’s behavior, and this has a negative effect on the person’s health and social relationships. People suffering from dementia have problems remembering things, and this makes it especially hard for those living with them. Symptoms often develop slowly, and they continue to worsen. In this review I will discuss how dementia does not only affect a person’s identity, but it also affects family, friends and the community i n different ways. People suffering from Alzheimer’s are not able to take care of themselves properly because of the limitations of their cognitive abilities. This places a huge burden on the people who take care of them. The caregivers have to ensure that patients are okay, and they cannot leave the patients alone (La Fountaine et al, 2007). Caregivers experience physical, mental, psychosocial, and spiritual stress. Some of the physical problems caused by Alzheimer’s include a decrease in the response of the immune system, high risks of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms and sleep interruptions. Patients depend on their family members to take care of them, although some of them are institutionalized. Family members are saddened when the patient does not recognize them. Caregivers are often stressed and exhausted when taking care of patients. Some of them are in a dilemma, and do not know what to do since they have to take care of patients. This makes them feel trapped and helpless because they cannot find a solution to their problems. They have to alter their lives, and their social life changes. They do not have as much freedom as they used to since they have to take constant care of the patient (Duggleby et al., 2009). Spouses have a hard time dealing with their partners who have dementia, especially when patients have not been diagnosed. Patients forget their partners and they forget their responsibilities. The period before diagnosis is especially challenging and trying for families. It is a period of misunderstanding, irritation, conflict, and tension in the home. Spouses do not understand why their partners have to keep forgetting things, and the patients do not understand why their partners keep blaming everything on them. Memory loss is a big problem, and the person who forgets often feels frustrated (Duggleby et al., 2009). They have a hard time doing basic things around the house because they cannot remember. Before diagnosis, children are often irritated with the parent who has dementia and they resent them for the negative behavioral changes. Parents with dementia do not pay attention to their children. It is especially hard for children if their parents do not remember them. They do not understand why their parents have to behave the way they do, and this causes conflict in the home. It becomes worse when patients become inconsistent with their thoughts or how they talk. This inconsistent behavior is a good sign of suspecting dementia (Deliane et al., 2011). Caregivers have a hard time taking care of patients. Despite this, many caregivers find meaning and joy when taking care of their family members. They feel devoted to them, and they feel that they have to keep hope alive. Hope is important for caregivers who are taking care of their families. This is not only the case with caregivers who are taking care of patients with dementia, but also to the caregivers taking care of patients with terminal diseases. It balances the stress the caregivers experience and maintaining their well-being. It gives them an inner strength, and they feel motivated to keep on taking care of patients. It gives them the physical and mental strength they need to continue taking care of their patients. Caregivers hope that the patient’s condition will not get worse rather than hoping that it will improve (Deliane et al., 2011). The hope that caregivers have is more for themselves rather than for the patients. They are, therefore, concerned when this hope starts fading. They worry that they will not be able to go on, and they will not find the encouragement they need to continue. Caregivers have to find ways of renewing their hope. They talk to other family members, friends, and people who are going through the same things that they are experiencing. Caregivers learn from one another and encourage each other. Caregivers renew their hope by coming to terms with the situation. They learn more about the condition and understand it better. They learn things such as maintenance and treatment of the condition. This helps them to have a realistic view of the situation. They know what is possible, and how they can improve the patient’s condition. Caregivers get encouraged when they know that they are doing their best to take care of patients. Once they face the situation, they begin finding positive things. Some patients are happy when they observe small changes in the patient’s condition. Any instance of positive change from the patient encourages them. They are happy when the patient’s heath does not worsen. The caregivers set short-term goals as a way of renewing their hope (Duggleby et al., 2009). Families are important, and in most cases, they provide better care giving than institutions. Having a positive relationship with their children provides patients with attachment, recognition and positive outlook (Surr, 2006). Dementia affects a person’s identity and personality, mostly in negative ways (Surr, 2006). Before diagnosis, patients go through periods of denial, and they might convince themselves that they are not suffering from the condition. Some patients feel the need to cover up their condition, and they end up lying to their families. It may take considerable time before the patients agree to seek medical help. Caregivers may have different explanations concerning the patient’s condition. They give reasons such as stress, depression, change of environment, and old age among others. In most cases, the caregivers are the ones who seek for medical intervention, rather than the patients. The patients do not think that there is anything wrong with them, and they may refuse to seek any medical help. The patients do not remember their actions, and they do not think that they have done anything wrong. Some of them live in denial as a way of protecting themselves. They think that everyone is against them, when people tell them things that they cannot remember. Therefore, they choose to hide their problem to avoid any negative attention for their symptoms. This affects the person’s personality because the person will find ways of lying and deceiving their families, friends, and colleagues at work (Deliane et al., 2011). Some patients tend to contradict what they. They confuse statements since they cannot remember what they previously said. A wife may not recognize her husband. He or she may talk about past events and make them look like they are currently happening. If they are corrected and anyone suggests they are unwell, they might become violent. Some of them have to be taken to hospital under coercion. All these changes make these people look different and it changes their personality (Surr, 2006). Sometimes it becomes hard for families to accept the changes. Patients tend to deny any mistakes they have done, cover up any deficits in their cognitive abilities, and undermine any difficulties they may be experiencing (Deliane et al., 2011). Some of the patients suffering from dementia may also become aggressive because they do not remember the people around them. They might think that the people are taking advantage of them, or that they want to harm them. Memory loss leads to behavior change, and this affects the person’s personality. He or she cannot remember the most obvious things. For instance, a mother will have a hard time in recognizing their children. Alzheimer’s affects the community in different ways (Deliane et al., 2011). These effects may be economic loss realized from the loss of jobs once a person is diagnosed with the condition. Patients become less productive in their work. They are unable to perform the simple and routine tasks they used to, since they cannot remember the processes. They have more conflicts with their colleagues because they develop short-term memory loss. They will therefore do something, and then forget that they are the ones who had done it. This affects the work environment. The situation worsens if the management or the colleagues at work do not know of the patient’s problems. Some patient’s end up becoming stressed and depressed because of the conditions at work, and this worsens their conditions further (Deliane et al., 2011). People in different cultures have different perception of Alzheimer’s. Some societies view dementia in a negative way. They are more likely to stigmatize people with dementia and develop negative stereotypes because they do not understand the condition (Surr, 2006). This negative perception is not good for people with dementia, and it worsens their condition. When the patients experience negative stereotypes, they tend to age more quickly, and their memory performance worsens. This is because they become upset and frustrated with their environment and treatment from people (Surr, 2006). The stigmatization happens because people in the community find it hard to cope with dementia patients. The community isolates the patients and their caregivers. Due to the embarrassment of these patients and their caregivers, they are unable to seek formal services for help. Many patients are at home using informal treatment instead of seeking professional help. The notion of assuming it is normal for old people to have dementia is another reason for using informal treatments. A large number of these patients are dying quickly because they do not seek professional help when dealing with the condition. The Western culture has some understanding of dementia. They know it is a medical condition brought by a number of diseases. People are also aware of services offered to dementia patients and their caregivers. The best way to begin to handle this condition is accepting the situation and to seek help. Different health institutions have helped patients and others who have sought their help. They help patients to deal with their social life and advice the caregivers on how to adjust smoothly. Some of the services relevant to dementia patients are nursing homes for old people. They are good caregivers to patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and other dementia patients. Family and friends can visit them in the nursing homes (Surr, 2006). Some cultures mostly consider dementia as normal stage of old age (La Fontaine et al., 2007). Others view it as mental disability. Different communities have varied definitions of dementia. Generally, it is a shame to have a dementia and it is not easily accepted. This is why patients are stigmatized and some are even neglected. There is need to create awareness of this condition to educate people about it. People might change their attitude when they understand better about dementia. Some have developed negative attitudes because they just adopted the beliefs they found in the community. The Indian communities, dementia problems are contributed by negligence of the patient and the family. It is advised that such communities should deal with family problems and overcome them. There is inadequate knowledge of dementia illness. Other physical and emotional problems are understood but there is little knowledge about dementia. This is why these communities isolate and discriminate dementia patients. Old people withdraw themselves from the rest of the community. This is why it seems acceptable to stigmatize dementia patients (La Fontaine et al., 2007). The community should take time to understand dementia conditions and change any negative attitude towards these patients. They are part of the community and they should not be isolated. It is unacceptable for children to abandon their parents or any relative because they think they are mentally ill. Dementia should be approached with a lot of understand and support to the patients. Regardless of lack of treatment to some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, patients can live longer. This will happen if they are given enough care by those who are with them (La Fontaine et al, 2007). Around the world, more people that are elderly are reporting cases of dementia. People who are forty years of age are still prone but their chances are minimal compared to those who are more than sixty-five. Families with the elderly should learn more about dementia and prepare in case one of the members become affected. All people within these ages prone to this condition should also be aware of it and accept th3e changes in case they become affected. Dementia is hereditary and most probable in families, which has a history of it. People should stop viewing dementia as mental illness. This will help them eliminate the attitude of stigmatization towards the affected people (La Fontaine, 2007). It has been observed that dementia patients lose close relationship with people. This is a common characteristic of how communities treat these patients. It is recommended that people should maintain these relationships for the welfare of the patient. He or she should continue experiencing the same kind of environment as before. However, it is difficult to maintain the environment as it was, since the rest of the family and friends become affected by the change. A family with dementia patient should seek counseling to help them cope with the changes. References: Deliane, V., Vugt, E. M., Bakker, C., Koopmans, R. T. et al. (2011). Caregivers’ perspectives on the pre-diagnostic period in early onset dementia: A long and winding road. International Psychogeriatrics 23, (9), 1393-1404 Duggleby, W., Williams, A., Wright, K., Bollinger, S. (2009). Renewing everyday hop: The hope experience of family caregivers of persons with dementia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 30, 518-521 La Fontaine, J., Ahuja, J., Bradbury,N. M., et al. 2007. Understanding dementia amongst people in minority ethnic and cultural and cultural groups. Journal of Advanced Nursing Volume 60, Issue 6, pages 605–614. Surr, A. C. (2006). Preservation of self in people with dementia living in residential care: A socio-biographical approach. Social Science Medicine 62, 1720-1730.